Input and Output devices

What is an input device?

In computing,an input device is a piece of computer hardware equipment used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or information appliance.

Examples of input devices:
Keyboards,mouse,scanners,digital cameras,joysticks and microphones etc.

Now what is an output device?
An output device is a piece of computer hardware equipment which converts information into human-readable form.It can be text,graphics,tactile,audio and video.

Examples of output devices:
visual display units,monitor,printer,graphic output devices,plotters,speakers etc.

Difference between input and output devices:
An input device sends information to a computer system for processing and an output device reproduces or displays the results of that processing.Input devices are only allowed for input or insert data to a computer and output devices are allowed to receive the output data from another device.



Input devices:
An input device can send data to another device but it can not receive data from another device.Popular examples of input devices  include the following.


Keyboard and Mouse-
Accepts input from a user and sends that data to the computer.they can not accept or reproduce information from the computer.

Microphone-
Receives sound generated by an input source and sends that sound to a computer.

Webcam-
Receives images generated by whatever it is pointed at(input)and sends those images to a computer.

Output devices:
An output device can receive data from another device and generate output with that data but it can not send data to another device.
Examples of output devices include the following:

Monitor:
Receives data from a computer and displays that information as text and images for users to view.It can not accept data from a user and send that data to another device.

Projector:
Receives data from a computer and displays, projects ,that information as text and images onto a surface,like a wall or a screen.it can not accept data from a user and send that data to another device.

Speakers-
Receives sound data from a computer and plays the sounds for users to hear.it can not accept sound generated by users and send that sound to another device.

SOURCE:https://nollytech.com/examples-of-output-devices/
                  https://www.newegg.com/Input-Devices/Category/ID-29

Random Forest Algorithm

Introduction    

As the name suggest, this algorithm creates the forest with a number of trees.I would like to highlight one benefit of random forest algorithm that excites me, that it can be used for both classification and regression.

What is random forest application?

First,Random Forest Algorithm is a supervised classification algorithm.we can see it from its name,which is to create a forest by some way and make it random.there is a direct relationship between the number of the trees between forest and the  results it can get the larger number of trees,the more accurate the result.

Why Random Forest Algorithm

Over fitting is one critical and crucial problem that may make the results worse, but for Random Forest algorithm, if there are enough trees in the forest, the classifier won’t over fit the model. The third benefit is the classifier of Random Forest can handle missing values, and the last advantage is that the Random Forest classifier can be modeled for categorical values

Random forest algorithm real life examples:

Suppose Lily wants to go to different places that she may like for his two week vacation and she asks her friend for advice.Her friend will ask that where she has traveled already.Also she will ask had she enjoyed that places.based on Lily's answer her friend will give her suggestion.Here her friend form the decision tree.If Lily wants to ask more friends to get their opinion because one friend will not be enough to select verify the place.Her friends will select different places according to her experience therefore,she will fix the place of highest voted place for her visiting.This is the typical random forest algorithm approach.

Random Forest creation pseudocode:

    1.Randomly select “K” features from total “m” features where k << m

    2. Among the “K” features, calculate the node “d” using the best split point

    3.Split the node into daughter nodes using the best split

    4.Repeat the a to c steps until “l” number of nodes has been reached

    5.Build forest by repeating steps a to d for “n” number times to create “n” number of trees

This image shows the process of randomly selecting features:

In the next stage, with the random forest classifier created, we will make the prediction. The random forest prediction pseudocode is shown below:

    1.Takes the test features and use the rules of each randomly created decision tree to predict the outcome and stores the predicted outcome (target)

    2.Calculate the votes for each predicted target

    3.Consider the high voted predicted target as the final prediction from the random forest algorithm

The process is easy to understand, but it’s somehow efficient.

Random Forest Algorithm Applications:

  For the application in banking:Random Forest Algorithm is used to find loyal customers,which customers who can take out plenty of loans and pay interest to the bank properly and fund customers,which means customers who have bad records like failure to pay back a loan on time or have dangerous actions.

   For the application in medicine: random forest algorithm can be used to both identify the correct combination of components in medicine and to identify diseases by analyzing the patient's medical records.

    For the application of stock market: random forest algorithm can be used to identify a stock's behavior and the expected  loss or profit.

    For the application of e commerce: Random forest algorithm can be used for predicting whether the customer will like the recommend products based on the experience of similar customers.

Random forest algorithm is easy to understand and efficient.

 SOURCE:https://dataaspirant.com/2017/05/22/random-forest-algorithm-machine-learing/

Tales of a shooting star

Let me start my story from my nationality.I am a Bangladeshi and I would like to mention that I am from a religious family.Because of my family restrictions I had to face alive with difficulties to study in Malaysia and now I am a student of UTM.When I applied for my bachelor degree in Computer Science (Software Engineering) in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) I didn't have any idea that my parents will truely support me.After getting the offer letter I started to assume that they can still change their decision but by the grace of almighty and their love they supported me till the end.Sitting on the flight I was suspecting that this is still Bangladesh I haven't arrived yet hence no need to be happy.When I finally reached in Malaysia I was estimating yes, I am in Malaysia but we can still go back because I hadn't register.Afterwards from the plane my straight destination was UTM INTERNATIONAL.

I don't know how did everyone feel the first day but I had to struggle a little because the roads were totally unknown to me.With this disadvantage I had another problem of knowing no one here.It took time to understand everything.Subsequently I finished all my academic curriculum and received my routine praisingly my mother said now my daughter is a University student and I blushed with relief.When I entered the classroom my dream appeared as a living reality.To be honest I was extremely fortunate to get the opportunity to study at UTM because of it's high rank and facilities.At that moment my assumption was UTM is going to give me opportunities to develop my skills and interest.Hope I can grab all that I need.

The peaceful city of Johor is decorated by nature with calm and austerity in the form of lush vegetation.I never imagined that I will see UTM this much big that cars are necessary to go one place from another and I will find nothing in walking distance.I selected Kolej 9 as my residence as it was convenient in every way for me.However UTM buses are always there to catch the students so I was satisfied by their sevices.

   

I went to UTM lake which is beautiful.I visited the main library which is neat and cleaned also soundless.
               

                                                                UTM Lake
                                                              
                                                               

                                                                 UTM Library                                                                             

                                                                  Balai Cerap

                                                                   Mosque


With my parents I visited a few places which helped me loving johor disparately.
Sea is one of those things which attracts me the most.I like to visit sea beaches.I collected some pebbles from Desaru.i went there at day time but i would like to have a look of this beach at sunset and sunrise.

                                                                      Desaru

Danga Bay was the same as desaru to me but I really want to have a ride on those boats which goes middle of the sea.

                                                                         Danga Bay

I was amazed to see that they made a big model of the city in forest city I haven't seen a beautiful model like this before.Only this is not an end to forest city there is also a view of Singapore which people can see by the side of the beach.

                                                                       Forest City

                                                                    

Finally that day came when my parents started packing their clothes.That day I realized now I am going to be alone.However I made some friends and now they are my family .Of course I badly miss my parents and my younger brother but I am happy that I stepped on my dream.

Coming to the foods I am still not that habituated for taking local foods but I like to taste new foods.Although I have ate crab soup for the first time a few days ago.My favorite food in Malaysia is Nassi Lemak.I like to see the colorful rice and it tastes good too.In a very short time I made some malay friends.I am pleased by their behavior also I started to learn some words of malay.When I talk with them I always use thank you laa.Malaysian people like to say "LAA" after ending sentences.

The two things that I noticed in me after coming here one is I became independent and the second one is some how I learned to be strong more than I were before.I wish my luck takes me towards the success that always I desired for and hope that I could make my parents a little happy because of me.Keep me always in your prayers and stay blessed.Thank you for reading this experience of my life patiently.